The development of more compact, higher density communities is central to achieving sustainability and meeting the challenges of global climate change. Compact communities are densely developed, consist of mainly medium-rise housing, offer a range of social and economic amenities within walking distance, and are centered on a hub of business, retail and transportation activities (1).

A compact urban form minimizes sprawl, allowing for greater preservation of rural and wilderness areas in comparison to the lower density suburban development common in North America. In addition to more efficient land use, compact communities can result in lower infrastructure construction and maintenance costs, allow for shorter travel distances and commute times, and reduce traffic conjestion, fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Higher densities also facilitate the development of efficient public transportation systems, and free up space for other amenities that promote active lifestyles, such as bike paths, wetlands, parks and public squares.

Developing compact communities is also beneficial for economic and social reasons. Because compact cities are mixed use, they accomodate the wide range of social and retail activities incorporated into one's daily activities. There are also a greater number of job opportunities and greater access to public services. There are three main strategies for compact community development: intensification, urban development, and urban re-development (1).

Sources:
¹ Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE), 2006.  Compact Sustainable Communities.